Youth unemployment at 22.2 per cent in France and inflation back at 3.8 per cent across the euro area form the backdrop to a protest wave that is urban, youth-led and anchored in schools and universities rather than the roundabouts of 2018.
Raphaël Glucksmann has won France's centre-left primary outright with 66.13% of the vote, making him the left's candidate for the 2027 presidential election.
France's government has promised 3,000 replacement teachers and a greater student voice in education policy after nearly three weeks of high-school protests, but blockades resumed and further action is planned.